Development of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) at the Rammang-Rammang Tourist Attraction, Maros Regency: A Triple Bottom Line Approach
Assessing Sustainability Impacts on Environment, Economy, and Communit
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems4441Keywords:
Community-Based Tourism, Rammang-Rammang, SWOT, IFAS, EFAS, Triple Bottom LineAbstract
Rammang-Rammang is one of the world’s largest karst areas, located in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi, and part of the Maros-Pangkep UNESCO Global Geopark. The area has strong potential as a natural and cultural attraction but faces challenges such as limited infrastructure, inadequate sanitation, and environmental threats from growing tourism activities. This study explores how Community-Based Tourism (CBT) strategies can be implemented, the role of government in destination management, and how SWOT, IFAS, and EFAS analyses help assess internal and external conditions.
Using a descriptive qualitative method, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Informants included the head of the tourism awareness group, attraction managers, boat operators, and local residents. Data analysis used SWOT supported by strategic matrices, along with IFAS and EFAS. Results show that tourism development prioritizes community empowerment, human resource capacity, cultural identity, and environmental preservation based on the Triple Bottom Line.
The IFAS score of 2.55 indicates that strengths outweigh weaknesses, especially natural beauty, community involvement, and government support. The EFAS score of 2.65 shows opportunities exceed threats, such as UNESCO status and the rise of nature-based tourism. Overall, CBT-based strategies supported by the government and community can promote sustainable economic, social, and environmental development.
References
Agung, I. G., Tri, P., Agung, C. I., Putri, V. N., & Suastika, I. W. (2023). Berprinsip triple bottom line menuju sustainable tourism I Wayan Meryawan , Tjokorda Gde Agung Wijaya Kesuma Suryawan , Pencapaian sustainable tourism menjadi agenda pengembangan. 6, 3730–3740.
Asmoro, A. (2022). Pariwisata Berkelanjutan: Analisis terhadap Metode, Topik, dan Aplikasinya pada Jurnal Pariwisata Indonesia. SINTA (Science and Technology Index), April. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20191.74408
Buckley, R. C., & Underdahl, S. (2023). Tourism and Environment: Ecology, Management, Economics, Climate, Health, and Politics. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(21), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115416
Dangi, T. B., & Jamal, T. (2016). An integrated approach to “sustainable community-based tourism.” Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050475
Darmana, K. (2018). Community-Based Cultural Tourism and Local Tourism in the Globalizartion Center: Case Study in Kemiren Village, Banyuwangi, East Java. Jurnal IPTA, 7(1), 89–95.
Dodds, R., Ali, A., & Galaski, K. (2018). Mobilizing knowledge: determining key elements for success and pitfalls in developing community-based tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(13), 1547–1568. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1150257
Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Capstone.
Hafsa, S., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). The Importance of Community-Based Tourism in a Developing Country?: A Study on the Chittagong Hill. 2020.
Hausler, N. (2006). Profession: Tourism Consultant Mission: To Say Sometimes No To Community-Based Tourism Projects. In Tourism and the New Asia. Im?plications for Research, Policy and Practice. Conference Proceedings.
Hidayat, M. (2023). Implementasi Konsep Triple Bottom Line dalam Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Takapala Malino Gowa. Economics and Digital Business Review, 4(1), 797–804.
Hizmi, S., & Said, F. (2019). He importance of social capital in. Media Bina Ilmiah, 14(3), 2259–2266.
Islahuddin, Said, F., & Machmuri, A. (2024). Training and Development of Community Competence in Managing Tourism. 1142, 96–102.
Islahuddin, I., Eppang, B. M., Som, A. P. M., Masatip, A., & Salim, M. A. M. (2022). Adaptation and collaboration of local community in super priority destination tourism program in Labuan Bajo. ETNOSIA?: Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia, 7(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v7i1.19708
Jamal, T., & Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 186–204
Juma, L. O., & Khademi-Vidra, A. (2019). Community-based tourism and sustainable development of rural regions in Kenya; Perceptions of the citizenry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174733
Junaid, I., Salam, N., & Salim, M. A. M. (2019). Developing homestay to support community-based tourism. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik, 32(4), 390. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v32i42019.390-398
Junaid, I., Sigala, M., & Banchit, A. (2021). Implementing community-based tourism (CBT): Lessons learnt and implications by involving students in a CBT project in Laelae Island, Indonesia. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 29(xxxx). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100295
Liu, Y., & Suk, S. (2021). Coupling and coordinating relationship between tourism economy and ecological environment—a case study of nagasaki prefecture, Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312818
Lo, Y. C., & Janta, P. (2020). Resident’s Perspective on Developing Community-Based Tourism – A Qualitative Study of Muen Ngoen Kong Community, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(July), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01493
Mtapuri, O., Giampiccoli, A., & Jugmohan, S. (2015). Community-based tourism affinity index: a visitor’s approach. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2), 1–13.
Nugroho. (2020). Beberapa Masalah Dalam Pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Di Indonesia. Jurnal Pariwisata, 7(2), 124–131.
Nurhidayati, S. E., & Fandeli, C. (2012). Penerapan Prinsip Community Based Tourism ( CBT ) Dalam Pengembangan Agrowisata Di Kota Batu , Jawa Timur. Jejaring Administrasi Publik, IV(1), 36–46.
Putri, A. C. G., Muhammad, M., & Fandeli, C. (2021). Strategi pengelolaan pariwisata berkelanjutan di kawasan wisata alam sumber maron, kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Teknosains, 11(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.59115
Rahmat, K. D. (2021). Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Melalui Pemanfaatan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Pariwisata Terapan, 5(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpt.58505
Rahmawati, R., & Fandeli, C. (2012). Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan pariwisata berbasis komunitas Roberts, C., Reynolds, J., & Dolasinski, M. J. (2022). Meta-Analysis of Tourism Sustainability Research: 2019–2021. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6), 2019–2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063303
Sandu Siyoto, M. A. S. (2015). Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Dr. Sandu Siyoto, SKM, M.Kes M. Ali Sodik, M.A. 1. Dasar Metodologi Penelitian, 1–109.
Saputra, P. D. A. (2024). The Importance of Sustainable Tourism in Maintaining Environmental Balance. Al Mikraj: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v4i02.4613
Satrio Wibowo, M., & Arviana Belia, L. (2023). Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Manajemen Perhotelan Dan Pariwisata, 6(1), 25–32.
Shi, J., & Sun, J. (2020). Meta-understanding of environmental perception in tourism: Implications for China’s tourist attractions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041658
Sri Widari, D. A. D. (2020). Kebijakan Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan: Kajian Teoretis Dan Empiris. Jurnal Kajian Dan Terapan Pariwisata, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.53356/diparojs.v1i1.12
Suansri, P. (2003). Community-based tourism handbook. Responsible Ecological Social Tours Project Sudini, L. P., & Arthanaya, I. W. (2022). Pengembangan Pariwisata Berwawasan Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 18(1), 65–76. http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/dih/article/view/5837%0Ahttps://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/dih/article/view/5837/4667
Tyrrell, T., Paris, C. M., & Biaett, V. (2013). A Quantified Triple Bottom Line for Tourism: Experimental Results. Journal of Travel Research, 52(3), 279–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512465963
Undang-Undang No 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan. (2009). Undang-Undang No 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan. Undang-Undang No 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan, 49–56.
UNESCO. (2021). UNESCO Global Geoparks documentation.
UNWTO. (2015). Tourism and community development: Empowering local communities
Asmoro, A. (2022). Pariwisata Berkelanjutan: Analisis terhadap Metode, Topik, dan Aplikasinya pada Jurnal Pariwisata Indonesia. SINTA (Science and Technology Index), April. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20191.74408
Buckley, R. C., & Underdahl, S. (2023). Tourism and Environment: Ecology, Management, Economics, Climate, Health, and Politics. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(21), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152115416
Dangi, T. B., & Jamal, T. (2016). An integrated approach to “sustainable community-based tourism.” Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/su8050475
Darmana, K. (2018). Community-Based Cultural Tourism and Local Tourism in the Globalizartion Center: Case Study in Kemiren Village, Banyuwangi, East Java. Jurnal IPTA, 7(1), 89–95.
Dodds, R., Ali, A., & Galaski, K. (2018). Mobilizing knowledge: determining key elements for success and pitfalls in developing community-based tourism. Current Issues in Tourism, 21(13), 1547–1568. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2016.1150257
Elkington, J. (1997). Cannibals with forks: The triple bottom line of 21st century business. Capstone.
Hafsa, S., & Hossain, M. M. (2020). The Importance of Community-Based Tourism in a Developing Country?: A Study on the Chittagong Hill. 2020.
Hausler, N. (2006). Profession: Tourism Consultant Mission: To Say Sometimes No To Community-Based Tourism Projects. In Tourism and the New Asia. Im?plications for Research, Policy and Practice. Conference Proceedings.
Hidayat, M. (2023). Implementasi Konsep Triple Bottom Line dalam Pengembangan Kawasan Wisata Air Terjun Takapala Malino Gowa. Economics and Digital Business Review, 4(1), 797–804.
Hizmi, S., & Said, F. (2019). He importance of social capital in. Media Bina Ilmiah, 14(3), 2259–2266.
Islahuddin, Said, F., & Machmuri, A. (2024). Training and Development of Community Competence in Managing Tourism. 1142, 96–102.
Islahuddin, I., Eppang, B. M., Som, A. P. M., Masatip, A., & Salim, M. A. M. (2022). Adaptation and collaboration of local community in super priority destination tourism program in Labuan Bajo. ETNOSIA?: Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia, 7(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v7i1.19708
Jamal, T., & Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 186–204
Juma, L. O., & Khademi-Vidra, A. (2019). Community-based tourism and sustainable development of rural regions in Kenya; Perceptions of the citizenry. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174733
Junaid, I., Salam, N., & Salim, M. A. M. (2019). Developing homestay to support community-based tourism. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik, 32(4), 390. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v32i42019.390-398
Junaid, I., Sigala, M., & Banchit, A. (2021). Implementing community-based tourism (CBT): Lessons learnt and implications by involving students in a CBT project in Laelae Island, Indonesia. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism Education, 29(xxxx). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2020.100295
Liu, Y., & Suk, S. (2021). Coupling and coordinating relationship between tourism economy and ecological environment—a case study of nagasaki prefecture, Japan. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312818
Lo, Y. C., & Janta, P. (2020). Resident’s Perspective on Developing Community-Based Tourism – A Qualitative Study of Muen Ngoen Kong Community, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(July), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01493
Mtapuri, O., Giampiccoli, A., & Jugmohan, S. (2015). Community-based tourism affinity index: a visitor’s approach. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, 4(2), 1–13.
Nugroho. (2020). Beberapa Masalah Dalam Pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata Di Indonesia. Jurnal Pariwisata, 7(2), 124–131.
Nurhidayati, S. E., & Fandeli, C. (2012). Penerapan Prinsip Community Based Tourism ( CBT ) Dalam Pengembangan Agrowisata Di Kota Batu , Jawa Timur. Jejaring Administrasi Publik, IV(1), 36–46.
Putri, A. C. G., Muhammad, M., & Fandeli, C. (2021). Strategi pengelolaan pariwisata berkelanjutan di kawasan wisata alam sumber maron, kabupaten Malang. Jurnal Teknosains, 11(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.22146/teknosains.59115
Rahmat, K. D. (2021). Pelestarian Cagar Budaya Melalui Pemanfaatan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Pariwisata Terapan, 5(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.22146/jpt.58505
Rahmawati, R., & Fandeli, C. (2012). Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengembangan pariwisata berbasis komunitas Roberts, C., Reynolds, J., & Dolasinski, M. J. (2022). Meta-Analysis of Tourism Sustainability Research: 2019–2021. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6), 2019–2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063303
Sandu Siyoto, M. A. S. (2015). Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Dr. Sandu Siyoto, SKM, M.Kes M. Ali Sodik, M.A. 1. Dasar Metodologi Penelitian, 1–109.
Saputra, P. D. A. (2024). The Importance of Sustainable Tourism in Maintaining Environmental Balance. Al Mikraj: Jurnal Studi Islam Dan Humaniora, 4(2), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.37680/almikraj.v4i02.4613
Satrio Wibowo, M., & Arviana Belia, L. (2023). Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan. Jurnal Manajemen Perhotelan Dan Pariwisata, 6(1), 25–32.
Shi, J., & Sun, J. (2020). Meta-understanding of environmental perception in tourism: Implications for China’s tourist attractions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(4), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041658
Sri Widari, D. A. D. (2020). Kebijakan Pengembangan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan: Kajian Teoretis Dan Empiris. Jurnal Kajian Dan Terapan Pariwisata, 1(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.53356/diparojs.v1i1.12
Suansri, P. (2003). Community-based tourism handbook. Responsible Ecological Social Tours Project Sudini, L. P., & Arthanaya, I. W. (2022). Pengembangan Pariwisata Berwawasan Pelestarian Lingkungan Hidup. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 18(1), 65–76. http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/dih/article/view/5837%0Ahttps://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/dih/article/view/5837/4667
Tyrrell, T., Paris, C. M., & Biaett, V. (2013). A Quantified Triple Bottom Line for Tourism: Experimental Results. Journal of Travel Research, 52(3), 279–293. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287512465963
Undang-Undang No 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan. (2009). Undang-Undang No 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan. Undang-Undang No 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan, 49–56.
UNESCO. (2021). UNESCO Global Geoparks documentation.
UNWTO. (2015). Tourism and community development: Empowering local communities
Published
2025-12-07
How to Cite
D, S. L. (2025). Development of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) at the Rammang-Rammang Tourist Attraction, Maros Regency: A Triple Bottom Line Approach: Assessing Sustainability Impacts on Environment, Economy, and Communit. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.qems4441
Issue
Section
Articles
