RETRACTION: Causes Of Pastoralists And Farmers’ Conflict In Benue State Nigeria And Integrating Nomadic Education For Managing It

Abstract

The above article has been retracted at the request of the authors. Following publication, the authors disclosed that a conflict of interest exists between one of the co-authors and the Federal University Oye-Ekiti — the institution whose affiliated researchers are prominently featured in the study's contextual framing — which was not declared at the time of submission. Specifically, the nature, causes, and management of conflict between Federal University Oye-Ekiti and its host community constitute a thematic backdrop that intersects with the authors' institutional affiliations and professional relationships in ways that may have unduly influenced the interpretation and framing of findings presented in this article.

The authors and the Editorial Board of Soshum agree that, in the interest of transparency and research integrity, retraction is the appropriate course of action. The retraction has been approved by all co-authors.

The original article remains accessible online and is clearly marked as RETRACTED in accordance with COPE Retraction Guidelines. The retraction does not imply any finding of fraud or data fabrication.

Published online: 12 December 2025 - Retracted: 4 June 2026.